Coffee is generally a very popular beverage all over the world. However, roasting coffee is among the most important stages in order to obtain the best coffee. Coffee roasting requires expertise and if done incorrectly, poor results can be obtained.
Most coffee experts say that finding the right coffee bean is the key. Choosing the right beans is a very important step. Because wrong seeds can produce bad results. In addition, the way the beans are sorted, cleaned and used is also important.
Why is coffee roasted?
Coffee beans collected from the tree after ripening consist of the core part of a multi-colored fruit. Coffee goes through many production stages before it is ready to drink. These stages are as follows:
The seeds, which are revealed by peeling the fruits collected from the tree, are washed and then left to dry. Then it turns green.
The beans, known as raw (green) coffee, are roasted to give them the color and aroma we are accustomed to.
Thanks to the rising heat in the beans, a series of chemical reactions occur and the acidity of the beans changes.
In addition, the aroma is enriched and the coffee beans you are familiar with are thus produced. After all, this is exactly why coffee beans are roasted.
Roasting Techniques of Coffee Beans
The coffee roasting process is vital in revealing the true aroma hidden within the coffee beans. One of the most important things to consider when it comes to this process is the techniques to be used to roast coffee. There are three basic coffee roasting methods that are widely preferred. These are, respectively: Fire Roasting, Hot Air Roasting and finally Rotary Drum Roasting techniques.
In addition; There are also coffee roasting methods classified according to their degree. These are, respectively: Light Brown, Medium Brown, Medium-Dark and Dark Coffee roasting methods.
Light coffee
For those who want to feel the aroma of coffee at the most intense level, the beans are roasted at 180-200 degrees. This method is also known as light roasting.
With this coffee bean roasting method, coffee beans that are roasted and have a light brown color are produced. Since other methods are exposed to less heat than roasted coffee beans, they preserve both their aroma, oil and acidity.
Light City; It is produced from lightly roasted coffee beans such as Cinnamon and Half City. Thus, coffee is widely preferred thanks to its intense aroma and high caffeine amounts.
Medium Brown
It is a medium coffee roasting process, also known as Medium Roast. It is a method that allows coffee beans to be roasted between 210-220 degrees and obtain a medium brown color.
Coffee beans roasted using this method have evenly distributed acidity, taste and aroma values. In this way, it provides a sweeter flavor than open roasted coffee beans.
Due to its features; It is the most widely preferred in the world. They are medium roasted coffee beans used in the production of coffees (such as a freshly roasted Turkish coffee). It is known worldwide under various names such as City, American and Breakfast.
Medium-Dark Brown
Also known as Medium-to-Dark Roast or Full-City, coffee beans are roasted at a temperature of 226 to 230 degrees. This coffee bean roasting method has a more oily surface (albeit slightly) than the medium coffee roasting process. It also produces roasted coffee beans with a slightly bitter-sweet taste.
Dark coffee
This method, also known as Dark Roast, is the process of roasting coffee beans at a temperature of 240-250 degrees. In this way, it is a method that allows them to have both a bitter taste and a low acidity.
Coffee beans subjected to this process have a shiny and oily outer surface after the process. The reason for this is that the roasted coffee beans release the oil inside them during the process.
Thanks to its oily structure, it offers an intense creamy appearance. It is becoming the most suitable coffee bean option for the production of espresso coffees, which are widely preferred by consumers.
